LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
Loss of biodiversity due to any reason at any level affect the diversity of the other level because the all the levels of the biodiversity intimately interlink with each other.
GENETIC DIVERSITY
LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY
Loss of genetic diversity due to any stress it may be a natural or may be a artificial stress which causes of the loss of the genetic diversity.
If any specie or any individual is loss its genetic diversity also loss.If a major population due to any stress fragmented into small populations. In other words we also said that the gene pool of the major population into small gene paddles.
These small fragmented population has small variety of genes and can not survive as this small population extinct the genetic diversity of this small population also loss.
FACTORS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY LOSS
There are 4 factors to loss of the genetic diversity
- Founder's Effect
- Demographic Bottleneck
- Genetic Drift
- Inbreeding Depression
Founder Effect:-
Loss of genetic diversity due to extinction of founders is known as Founder's effect.
Few individuals from a major population separated and form its new population.
These small founder's population has genes of the major population and some of its own new gene.So due to this the new genes are also known as Biased.And if these new populations with new genes can not survive and population extinct and as the population extinct the genetic diversity loss.
Demographic Bottleneck:-
If a major population due to any stress face a sudden decline and population reduce in size and this small population is known as the bottleneck.
The survival rate of this small size or bottleneck population depend upon 4 factors
- Size of Bottleneck population
- Reproductive rate
- Growth rate
- Adaptive Ability
More adaptive ability more heterozygosity within the individual and best fit to environment.
Genetic Drift:-
Loss of allel or gene of a small isolated population is known as the genetic drift.
Inbreeding depression:-
Breeding between the individual of the same ancestors is known as the inbreeding.
Inbreeding mean homozygosity and an homozygosit individual has some character e.g.
An homozygot individual is
- Less vigor
- Weak
- Non-adaptive
- Deformities or abnormalities
- Less fertile
- Less growth rate
These character cause due to homozygosity and homozygosity occur due to inbreeding.
Due to homozygosity these is loss in gene or genetic diversity.
These are the some factors of loss of the genetic diversity.
HOW GENETIC DIVERSITY PRODUCE?
There are two factors which causes genetic diversity
- Mutation
- Sexual reproduction
Mutation:-
Sudden change in genetic material is known as the mutation.
Mutation is a factor which causes genetic diversity.
There are two types of mutations
- Gene Mutation
- Chromosomal Mutation
Gene Mutation:-
Change in gene is known as the gene mutation.
e.g blood group has a single gene l in one time their is a mutation occur in gene and its recessive allel form which is "i" and gain mutation occur and "A" and "B" alleles also occur.
So a single blood group trait is know having A,B,AB and O blood group characters.
Chromosomal Mutation:-
Change in number of chromosomes or set of chromosomes is known as the chromosomal mutation.
Their are two types of chromosomal mutation.
Euploidy:-
This is a type of chromosomal mutation in which the set of chromosomes change.
e.g individual having more than one set of chromosome 2n,3n, or 6n, etc.
wheat having 6 set of chromosome and is known as polylpoidy and this is an example of euploidy.
Aneuploidy:-
Change in chromosome number is known as the aneuploidy.
e.g. addition of one chromosome at 21 pair in human and increase in a chromosome number gives 47 numbers of chromosome or Trisomy is an example of aneuploidy.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction also produce genetic diversity at two levels.
- Crossing-Over
- Random fusion of gametes
Crossing-over:-
During gametes formation their is change in chromosomal material occur which is known as the crossing-over. And due to crossing-over change in the genetic material occur which support the genetic diversity.
Random fusion of gametes:-
Durring the fertilization their is a random fusion of gametes take place which also a factor to cause of genetic diversity.
These are the factors which are responsible for Genetic Diversity production.
BIODIVERSITY LEVELS
Study of varity or diversity is known as the biodiversity.
Study of biodiversity at gene or genome level is known as the genetic diversity.
Genetic Diversity:-
Study of diversity with in the species.
There are different level at which we study the genetic diversity.
Genetic diversity within the individual often referred to as heterozygosity.
Genetic diversity among individual or with in population.
Genetic diversity among population.
There are three different levels at which we study the genetic diversity.
The genetic diversity can be define in more general term.
The heritable variations observed with in and between the population of organisms.
In genetic diversity we study the diversity at the gene level. At the level of genetic diversity firstly we study the genome or study diversity with in the individual and we study the heterozygosity.
Heterozygosity variety in genes if an individual has more heterozygosity it mean has more genetic diversity and heterozygous individuals has more adaptive ability to survive with in the environment and they are best fit to environment.
Genetic Diversity is a resource:-
- Source for evolution
- Important for the survival of the specie
- It also promote the selective breeding
More genetic diversity promotes the points.
Study Of Biodiversity At Different Levels:-
Before the study about the biodiversity levels it is necessary to know about the biodiversity.
What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity:-
Biodiversity is the variety of life and in sense of specie we can say biodiversity mean variety of species.
Biodiversity is variety may be variety of flora and may be variety of fauna and both.
Levels of Biodiversity:-
Mainly we study the biodiversity at three levels.
Genetic Diversity
Specie Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Genetic Diversity:-
Study of diversity with in specie is known as the genetic diversity.
In other words we can also say that the study diversity in of genome or gene pool is known as genetic diversity.
Specie Diversity:-
Study of diversity between the species is known as the specie diversity.
Ecosystem Diversity:-
Study of the the diversity at ecological level or habitat level is known as the ecosystem diversity it is also known as the ecological diversity.
