BIODIVERSITY

HOW GENETIC DIVERSITY PRODUCE?
There are two factors which causes genetic diversity

• Mutation
• Sexual reproduction

Mutation:-
Sudden change in genetic material is known as the mutation.
Mutation is a factor which causes genetic diversity.
There are two types of mutations

• Gene Mutation
• Chromosomal Mutation

Gene Mutation:-
Change in gene is known as the gene mutation.
e.g blood group has a single gene l in one time their is a mutation occur in gene and its recessive allel form which is "i" and gain mutation occur and "A" and "B" alleles also occur.
So a single blood group trait is know having A,B,AB and O blood group characters.
Chromosomal Mutation:-
Change in number of chromosomes or set of chromosomes is known as the chromosomal mutation.
Their are two types of chromosomal mutation.

• Euploidy
• Aneuploidy

Euploidy:-
This is a type of chromosomal mutation in which the set of chromosomes change.
e.g individual having more than one set of chromosome 2n,3n, or  6n, etc.
wheat having 6 set of chromosome and is known as polylpoidy and this is an example of euploidy.
Aneuploidy:-
Change in chromosome number is known as the aneuploidy.
e.g. addition of one chromosome at 21 pair in human and increase in a chromosome number gives 47 numbers of chromosome or Trisomy is an example of aneuploidy.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction also produce genetic diversity at two levels.

• Crossing-Over
• Random fusion of gametes

Crossing-over:-
During gametes formation their is change in chromosomal material occur which is known as the crossing-over. And due to crossing-over change in the genetic material occur which support the genetic diversity.
Random fusion of gametes:-
Durring the fertilization their is a random fusion of gametes take place which also a factor to cause of genetic diversity.
These are the factors which are responsible for Genetic Diversity production.