Breast cancer
Breast cancer is when cancer develops from breast tissue. Signs of
breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape,
dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin.
In those with distant spread of the disease, there may
be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Risk factors for developing breast cancer includes
obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiations, early
age at first menstruation, and having
children late or not at all. About 5-10% of cases are due to genes inherited from
a person’s parents including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that
supplies the ducts with milk. Cancer developing from the ducts is known as
ductal carcinomas, in addition there are more than 18 other subtypes of breast
cancer. Some cancer develops from preinvasive lesions such as ductal carcinoma
in situ. The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the
concerning lump. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are done to
determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it
may respond to.
Signs and symptoms:-
The first noticeable symptom of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when the women feel lump. The earliest breast cancer are detected by a mammogram. Lumps found in lymph nodes located in the armpits can also indicate the breast cancer.
Indications of breast cancer other than a lump may include thickening different from the other breast tissue, one breast becoming larger or lower.A nipple changing position or shape or becoming inverted, skin puckering or dimpling, a rash on or around a nipple, discharge from nipple/s, constant pain in part of breast or armpit,and swelling beneath the armpit or around the collarbone Pain is an unreliable tool in determining the presence or absence of breast cancer, but may be indicative of other breast health issues.
Inflammatory breast cancer is a particular type of breast cancer which can pose a substantial diagnostic challenge. Symptoms may resemble a breast inflammation and may include itching, pain, swelling,nipple,inversion,warmth and redness throughout the breast, as well as an orange-peel texture to the skin referred to as peau d'orange;as inflammatory breast cancer doesn't show as a lump there's sometimes a delay in diagnosis.
Risk factors:-
The primary risk factor for breast cancer are female sex and older age. Other potential risk factors includes:
a.genetics,
b.lack of childbearing or lack of breastfeeding,
c.higher levels of certain hormones,
d.certain dietary patterns,
e.and obesity.
Recent studies have indicated that exposure to light pollution is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer
Signs and symptoms:-
The first noticeable symptom of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when the women feel lump. The earliest breast cancer are detected by a mammogram. Lumps found in lymph nodes located in the armpits can also indicate the breast cancer.
Indications of breast cancer other than a lump may include thickening different from the other breast tissue, one breast becoming larger or lower.A nipple changing position or shape or becoming inverted, skin puckering or dimpling, a rash on or around a nipple, discharge from nipple/s, constant pain in part of breast or armpit,and swelling beneath the armpit or around the collarbone Pain is an unreliable tool in determining the presence or absence of breast cancer, but may be indicative of other breast health issues.
Inflammatory breast cancer is a particular type of breast cancer which can pose a substantial diagnostic challenge. Symptoms may resemble a breast inflammation and may include itching, pain, swelling,nipple,inversion,warmth and redness throughout the breast, as well as an orange-peel texture to the skin referred to as peau d'orange;as inflammatory breast cancer doesn't show as a lump there's sometimes a delay in diagnosis.
Risk factors:-
The primary risk factor for breast cancer are female sex and older age. Other potential risk factors includes:
a.genetics,
b.lack of childbearing or lack of breastfeeding,
c.higher levels of certain hormones,
d.certain dietary patterns,
e.and obesity.
Recent studies have indicated that exposure to light pollution is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer
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